Loom



March 6, 1934. E, QRNSTEIN 1,950,323

LOOM

Filed Feb. 5, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet l March 6, 1934.

E. ORNSTEIN LOOM Filed Feb. 5, 1

Fig. 2

'3 sheets-wsheet 2 @MIHJIIIIHHIH I ll IIIHHH 5 UrrlSfe/n March 6, 1934. o s N 7 1,950,323

LOOM

Filed Feb. 5, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 c rns fe/n Patented Mar. 6, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE Application February 5, 1931, Serial No. 513,697 In Czechoslovakia February 17, 1930 Claims.

For obtaining textile products of uniform texture it is among other things necessary continuously to keep a check on the weft density and to keep it constant according to the particular tex- 5 ture. It is especially desirable to be able to have a check in this respect at any moment without any additional expenditure of labour while weaving is in progress and that the possibility of such checking shall also be available after the removal of the material from the loom. For this purpose it has been proposed to employ a counting warp thread which is operated independently of the shedding mechanism and is raised and lowered periodically after weaving a given number of picks, so as to leave a visible mark on the fabric at each place where the counting warp thread changes its position, so that by measuring the distance between two of said marks the number of picks inserted in the fabric in a given length can be ascertained. These known arrangements have the great disadvantage, however, that they can only be used for the particular weft density for which they are designed and it is not possible to use these arrangements for other weft densities unless some of the parts are changed when a fabric having a different number of picks per inch is to be woven which of course is inconvenient in working and undesirable.

The present invention has for its object to overcome these disadvantages and to enable the weft density to be determined without any additional expenditure of labour at any moment during the weaving operation and after the removal of the material from the loom. In the accompanying drawings a constructional example of the invention is illustrated. Fig. 1 is a front view of the arrangement, Fig. 2 is a partial section on line II--II of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 a section on line IIIIH of Fig. 1. Figs. 4 and 5 are detail rear and front views, respectively, of a lever operating the heald of the counting thread. Fig. 6 is a detail of a pawl and ratchet drive device. Fig. '7 shows the arrangement fitted to a loom.

The apparatus according to the invention is mounted on the frame 0 of the loom which is provided with ordinary healds D, D operated in known manner. by levers L pivoted at M through the intermediary of the cords P which are passed round guide pulleys E. The apparatus is driven from a rocking lever which is operated in unison with the shuttle drive or picking motion from the main shaft of the loom. The motion of this lever is transmitted by means of a rod A to the lever 1 which is keyed on the shaft 2 journalled in the bearings 3. On the shaft 2 is rotatably mounted a ratchet wheel 5 having teeth 4, which ratchet wheel 5 is coupled with a bevel wheel 6 so as to rotate with it. A double pawl 3, 9 which coacts with the wheel 5 is pivoted on the lever 1. One arm of this double pawl may be made heavier, so that this arm, say the arm 9, tends to remain in engagement with the teeth 4 of the wheel 5. From the pawl 9 a cord or the like, inserted in the hole 9, leads to the reversing arrangement of the loom, so that, on the loom being reversed, the direction of motion in which the ratchet gear turns the wheel 5 is also changed. On the shaft 2 is also keyed a sector 10 having a tooth 11 (Fig.

5) There is also loosely rotatable on to the shaft 2 a lever 12, which through the intermediary of a cord 112 guided over a pulley G, moves the heald m for the cotmting thread. The lever 12 has a number of holes 12' for the insertion of the heald cord 112 corresponding to the travel of the ordinary healds D, D which varies in different types of looms. The heald x is weighted by a weight H. On the lever 12 is pivoted a pawl 13, which has a driving pin 13', which coacts with the tooth 11 of a sector 10 fixed on the shaft 2. Loosely mounted on the shaft 2 (Fig. 4) is a lever 3o 14 having a pin 15 which coacts with the pawl 13. The lever 14 is actuated by the arm 16 which is guided in a forked extension 14 of the lever and is fixed to a lever 17 which is pivoted at 18 and is forked at its upper end, the fork ends forming stops 17". To the lower end of this lever a bar 35 is pivoted, the free end of which is slidable in a corresponding opening 36 in a bracket 36 which is rigidly fixed to the arrangement. The bar 35 is encircled by a compression spring 37, the lower end of which bears against a tilting bearing member 38 which is slidable on the bar 35 and bears against the bracket 36. A pin 39 extends between the arms of the forked end of the lever 17, which pin is mounted on a double lever 17' which rocks about the pivot 18. At the lower end of the lever 17 is another driving pin 39'. The upper end of the lever 17 is provided with the stops 17". With the lever 1'7 there coacts a longitudinally slidable shaft 23, provided with stop collars 23, which 0 coact with the stop members 1'7" on the lever 17. On the shaft 23 are also fixed bevel wheels 24, 25, which can be brought alternatively into engagement with the wheel 6. On the shaft 23 is fixed a toothed wheel 43 which meshes with the wheel 44 fixed on a countershaft 45, a worm 46 being also fixed on the countershaft 45. This worm 46 coacts with a worm wheel 47 which is journalled in a bearing 48 and is provided with scale graduations 47. On the Worm-wheel 47 is a fixed stop 49 and an adjustable stop 50. The adjustable stop 50 is mounted. on a lever arm 53 which is adjustably mounted in the centre of the wormwheel 4? and is secured in its adjusted position by means of a crown nut 5%. For locating the adjustable arm 53 on the worm-wheel 47 in the desired positions the worm wheel is provided with depressions 55 in which a pin 51 engages (see Fig. 3). In front of the worm-wheel 4'7 there is also mounted a stationary circular disc with a scale 56. On the arm 53 a pointer 57 is provided. The stops 42, 5G coast with the correspondingly formed end 17" of the lever 1 the ends being so constructed as to form stops 1'?" for the stops 49, 50, which lie in different planes, the stops 17 being so arranged that the stop which is to coact with the lever in the corresponding position meets in its path a stop surface, while immediately after the lever 17 has been thrown over it can move freely past it.

When the loom is in operation, the lever 1 is rocked by the rod A, whereby the two-armed pawl 8, 9 by engagement with the teeth 4 of the wheel 5 impart-s intermittent rotary motion to the wheel 5 and the bevel wheel 6 coupled to it, the direction of rotation of which depends on which of the arms 8, 9 engages with the teeth 4. The two arms of the pawl enable the direction of rotation of the wheel 6 to be reversed when the motion of the loom is reversed, for instance for removing a defective portion of the weft, the cord B connected to the loom-reversing arrangement determining which of the arms is operative for the time being. The bevel wheel 6 is alternately in engagement with one of the bevel wheels 24, 25 (Fig. 1) on the shaft 23 and which through the intermediary of the wheels 13, 4c turns the shaft 45, and the worm 46. The worm wheel 47 is thereby turned until one or other of the placing the shaft 23 stops l9 or 50 comes into contact with the stop member surfaces 17" on the two-armed lever 17 and rocks the latter about its pivot 18. In the position of the parts shown in Fig. 1, the worm wheel is being turned clockwise by the bevel wheel 25, while the bevel wheel 24 is out of action. On the fixed stop 49 making contact with the co-opcrating stop member surface on the lever 1'7, the latter is turned anticlockwise by the said surface. During the initial movement of the lever 17, the lever 1'? is rocked clockwise about the pivot 18 by the pin 39 engaging the right hand limb, subsequently to which the power is transmitted from the lever 1'? to the lever 17 by means of the driving pin 39. Owing to the increased transmission ratio of the levers thus produced only a slight further rotation of the worm wheel causes the lever 17 to move until its longitudinal axis and that of the bar 35 come into alignment, compressing the spring 37. After a slight further rotary movement of the lever 17, the spring 3'7 expands and throws the lever 17 over suddenly into its opposite extreme position, thereby disand the bevel wheels 24, 25 to the right, bringing the wheel 24 into mesh with the wheel 6 and the wheel 25 out of mesh therewith. The wheel 44 is sufiiciently broad to enable the wheel 43. to remain in mesh with it in both end positions of the shaft. The displacement of the shaft is effected by the right hand stop 17" engaging the stop collar 23' or" the wheel 25. The direction of rotation of the shafts 23, 45 and the worm wheel is now reversed and the worm wheel turns anticlockwise until the adjustable stop 50 engages its co-operating stop surface 17 and causes the lever 1'7 to be thrown over again into the position shown in Fig. 1. With the lever 17 in the position shown in Figure l in which the toothed wheels 6 and 25 are in engagement, the pawl 13 is held in the raised position by the lever 14 out of the path of the tooth 11 of the sector 10 so that the lever 12 is stationary and the heald for the counting thread is not actuated and remains with the counting thread in the lower shed. When the lever 1'7 is thrown over into the right-hand position with the wheel 24 in I engagement with the wheel 6, the lever 14, which is mounted loosely on the shaft 2, is rocked by means of the arm 16 on the lever 17 and the pawl 13 is allowed to drop and the driving pin 13 is engaged by the tooth 11 of the sector 10 which oscillates with the shaft 2, the pin 13' resting on the sector 10. As the sector 10 rotates with the shaft 2, each time the shaft turns in the anticlockwise direction the tooth 11 by engaging the driving pin 13' rocks the lever 12 in the anticlockwise direction and the heald of the counting thread which is connected to the lever 12 by means of the connecting member 112 is raised during each pick into the upper shed so that the counting 14 being simultaneously thrown over and the pin 15 raising the pawl 13 and thereby moving the pin 13 out of the path of the tooth 11 on the sector 10. The lever 12 then remains stationary with the counting thread in the lower shed until the lever 1'7 is again thrown over.

Before putting the loom into operation the apparatus for controlling the counting thread is adjusted for the desired number of picks between each reversal of the levers 1'7, 17' by releasing the crown nut 54 and adjusting the movable contact 50 in accordance with the scale graduations 47', the crown nut 54 being thereupon tightened up again. By the provision of the scale divisions 47 in addition to the recesses in the wormwheel 47, it is possible to check the number of picks set for, while the arrangement is in operation without the person in charge having to wait until the arrangement comes into the position where it changes its direction. The person in charge can also if necessary change the number 7 of picks while the loom is in operation. The provision of a worm-wheel and worm makes a compact construction possible and the supervision of the whole arrangement is made easier. The given construction of the levers 1'7, 17 ensures the arrangement being changed over exactly at the correct moment corresponding to the number of picks set for. Should it be necessary to weave back (separation) the stops 49, 50 can move back unhindered to any extent without acting on the change over arrangement.

The counting thread will thus appear exactly according to the adjustable number of picks alternately above and below the fabric and any error in the number 01' picks can be easily detected by applying a rule. In order to save this subsequent measuring as well, the counting thread may be printed in alternate different colours, that is to say each division is given alternate- 1y another colour corresponding to the woven unit. Thus, for instance, 5 cms. of the counting thread will be black, the next 5 cms. white, then 5 cms. black and so on.

The construction of the arrangement may of course be varied in many ways without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What I claim is:

1. For indicating the weft density of a fabric in a loom, the combination with means for raising and lowering a counting warp thread, of actuating means operatively connected to the main driving shaft of the loom for actuating said raising and lowering means periodically to locate the counting warp thread alternately in the upper and lower sheds of the fabric, said actuating means including a change-over gear, a movable weft density indicating member operatively connected to said change-over gear so as to be actuated by the change-over gear, said weft density indicating member having a scale and means thereon arranged to reverse the motion of the change over gear after a predetermined number of picks and including a reversing member adjustable according to the scale for enabling the number of picks between each reversal to be adjusted.

2. For indicating the weft density of a fabric in a loom, the combination with means for raising and lowering a counting warp thread, of actuating means operatively connected to the main driving shaft of the loom for actuating said raising and lowering means periodically to locate the counting warp thread alternately in the upper and lower sheds of the fabric, said actuating means including a change-over gear, a worm wheel, a worm in engagement with said worm wheel and operatively connected to said change over gear so as to be actuated by the change over gear, a fixed stop on said worm wheel, a movable stop capable of adjustment on the worm wheel, and reversing means for the change over gear arranged to be actuated alternately by said fixed and movable stops, respectively to reverse the motion of the change over gear after a predetermined number of picks.

3. For indicating the weft density of a fabric in a loom, the combination with means for raising and lowering a counting warp thread, of actuating means operatively connected to the main driving shaft of the loom for actuating said raising and lowering means periodically to locate the counting warp thread alternately in the upper and lower sheds of the fabric, said actuating means including a change-over gear, a worm wheel having graduations thereon for indicating the number of picks, a worm in engagement with said worm wheel and operatively connected to said change over gear so as tobe actuated by the change over gear, a fixed stop on said worm wheel, a movable stop capable of adjustment on the worm wheel in accordance with said graduations and reversing means for the change over gear arranged to be actuated alternately by said fixed and movable stops, respectively to reverse the motion of the change over gear after a predetermined number of picks.

4, For indicating the weft density of a fabric in a loom, the combination with means for raising and lowering a counting warp thread, of actuating means operatively connected to the main driving shaft of the loom for actuating said raising and lowering means periodically to locate the counting warp thread alternately in the upper and lower sheds of the fabric, said actuating means including a change over gear having a 95 two-armed lever having one arm considerably shorter than the other, said lever being capable of rocking freely, a movable weft density indicating member operatively connected to said change over gear so as to be actuated by the change over gear, said weft density indicating member having a scale and means thereon arranged to engage said shorter arm to reverse the motion of the change over gear after a predetermined number of picks and including a reversing 155 member adjustable according to the scale for enabling the number of picks between each reversal to be adjusted.

5. For indicating the weft density of a fabric in a loom, the combination with means for rais- 119 ing and lowering a counting warp thread, of actuating means operatively connected to the main driving shaft of the loom for actuating said raising and lowering means periodically to locate the counting warp thread alternately in the 115 upper and lower sheds of the fabric, said actuating means including a change over gear comprising a reversible driving gearing, a two-armed lever for reversing said gearing, a toggle lever arrangement comprising a part arranged to 00- ,20 act with the two-armed lever and having a bar for actuating the raising and lowering means and a part pivoted thereto, a tilting bearing having said second part slidable therein, a spring encircling said second part bearing against said 125. tilting bearing, a support for the tilting bearing, said support having an opening therein with the said second part passed through the opening.

ERNST ORNSTEIN. 

